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lethality of nicotine and
discount cigarettes Knowledge of tobacco was transmitted to Europe in a multistage process. Printed reports, based on the accounts of Columbus and other early explorers, appeared comparatively quickly. The chronicler Peter Martyr published an account of tobacco usage among Taino Indians on Hispaniola in 1511 based on an earlier testimony written by Friar Ramon Pane-a Catalan priest who had accompanied Columbus on his second voyage to the New World in 1493. In view of the novelty of printing technology itself, it is probable that manuscript and verbal accounts similar to Pane's circulated even earlier than printed texts. European consumption of tobacco in the New World was increasingly well documented from the 1530s in Spanish, Portuguese, and subsequently French colonial settlements. Some scholars have also suggested that Brazilian colonists had begun growing small quantities of tobacco by 1534. Transcontinental experiments in planting followed soon afterward as seedlings were introduced into Portugal around 1548. By the 1570s, successful attempts at cultivation had been made in Northern Europe, Africa, and Asia. For the first time in history, tobacco had become a globally produced commodity.